Carpet Testing
Construction Testing
Pile Weight:
(ASTM D 5848 formerly D418)
Average Pile Yarn Weight: Mass per unit area of the pile yarn including buried portions of the pile yarn. In the U.S., it is usually expressed as ounces per square yard.
Total Weight:
(ASTM D 5848 formerly D418)
Weight per square yard of the total carpet pile, yarn, primary and secondary backings and coatings.
Primary backing weight:
(ASTM D 5848 formerly D 418)
Primary backing weight: In tufting, a woven or nonwoven fabric in which the pile yarn is inserted by the tufting needles. Usually, woven or nonwoven polypropylene for carpet, and often, cotton duck for scatter rugs.
Secondary backing weight:
(ASTM D5848 formerly D 418)
Secondary backing weight: Fabric laminated to the back of carpet to reinforce and increase dimensional stability. Usually, woven jute or woven or nonwoven polypropylene.
Latex backing weight:
(ASTM D5848 formerly D418)
Latex backing weight:
A compound, consisting of either natural or synthetic rubber, used to coat the back of carpet or rugs in order to adhere carpet components to one another. Most carpet latex consists of styrene-butadiene synthetic rubber (SBR) compounded with powder fillers, such as calcium carbonate.
Pile thickness:
(ASTM D 418)
The weight of pile yarn in a unit volume of carpet expressed in ounces per cubic yard is given by the formula:
in which D is density, W is pile yarn weight in ounces per square yard, and t is pile thickness in inches.
D=W X 36
t
Tuft height:
(ASTM D 629)
The cut or uncut loops forming the face of a tufted or woven carpet
Pile height:
(penetrator gauge)
The height of pile measured from the surface of the back of the top of the pile, not including the thickness of the back.
Pile yarn fiber blend determination:
(ASTM D 629)
The yarn used to form the loops or tufts of a pile fabric. A mixture of two or more fibers or yarns.
Stitches/rows per inch:
(ASTM D 418)
The number of lenghtwise yarn tufts in one inch of tufted carpet.
Gauge/pitch:
(ASTM D 3936)
The number of ends of surface yarn counting across the width of carpet. In woven carpet, pitch is the number of ends of ends of yarn in 27 inches of width, e.g. 216 divided by 27 = 8 ends per inch. In tufted carpet, gauge also means of the number of ends of surface yarn per inch counting across the carpet e.g. 1/8 gauge = 8 ends per inch. To convert gauge to pitch, multiply ends per inch by 27. E.g., 1/10 gauge is equivalent to 270 pitch, or 10 ends per inch x 27. 1/8 gauge is 8 ends of yarn per inch x 27 = 216 pitch.
Tuft bind:
(ASTM D 1335)
Force required to pull a tuft from the carpet (usually measured in ounces).
Delamination:
(ASTM D 3936)
Separation of the secondary backing or attached cushion from the primary backing or attached cushion from the primary backing of the carpet.
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